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1. Breakthrough Infections Can Still Happen
Even people who are fully vaccinated can catch COVID‑19. This is because:
- No vaccine is 100 % effective.
- Immunity can decrease over time after vaccination.
- New variants of the virus continue to evolve.
As a result, vaccinated individuals may still become infected — although this happens less frequently and usually with less severe outcomes compared with the unvaccinated. (ecdc.europa.eu)
2. Vaccines Greatly Reduce Severe Illness and Death
The single biggest benefit of COVID‑19 vaccines is that they dramatically cut the risk of severe disease, hospitalization and death. Studies consistently show that people who are up to date with their vaccines are far less likely to have serious illness if they get infected. (cdc.gov)
3. You Can Still Transmit the Virus
Vaccinated people who get a so‑called breakthrough infection can potentially spread the virus to others. However, vaccines still tend to reduce how long and how intensely someone sheds virus compared with someone unvaccinated. (ecdc.europa.eu)
That’s why preventative measures like staying home when sick, improving ventilation indoors, and hand hygiene are still useful in certain settings. (who.int)
4. Long COVID Can Occur After Breakthrough Infections
Even after mild or asymptomatic infection, some people develop long COVID, a condition with symptoms that persist for months or longer. Studies show vaccination reduces the risk of long COVID, but it does not completely eliminate it. (ecdc.europa.eu)
This is an important reason why staying up to date with boosters and avoiding infection in the first place (through masks and distancing in outbreak settings) may benefit overall health.
5. Vaccines Have Very Rare, Known Side Effects
Most vaccine side effects — like soreness at the injection site, fatigue or fever — are mild and short‑lived. There are rare cases of more serious reactions (such as inflammation of the heart muscle in young males), but these are very uncommon, and healthcare providers monitor safety continuously. (cdc.gov)
Serious allergic reactions can occur with any vaccine, but they are treatable when vaccination is done in a clinical setting with observation. (cdc.gov)
6. Global Health Authorities Still Advocate Vaccination
Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) continue to recommend COVID‑19 vaccination because it significantly lowers risk of severe outcomes and helps protect health systems. They also recommend periodic boosters, particularly for high‑risk groups, as immunity can wane over time. (who.int)
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